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The red-wattled lapwing (''Vanellus indicus'') is a lapwing or large plover, a wader in the family Charadriidae. It has characteristic loud alarm calls which are variously rendered as ''did he do it'' or ''pity to do it'' leading to colloquial names like the ''did-he-do-it'' bird. Usually seen in pairs or small groups not far from water but may form large flocks in the non-breeding season (winter).〔 ==Description== Red-wattled lapwings are large waders, about 35 cm long. The wings and back are light brown with a purple sheen, but head and chest and front part of neck are black. Prominently white patch runs between these two colours, from belly and tail, flanking the neck to the sides of crown. Short tail is tipped black. A red fleshy wattle in front of each eye, black-tipped red bill, and the long legs are yellow. In flight, prominent white wing bars formed by the white on the secondary coverts. Race ''aigneri'' is slightly paler and larger than the nominate race and is found in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the Indus valley. The nominate race is found all over India. The Sri Lankan race ''lankae'' is smaller and dark while ''atronuchalis'' the race in north-eastern India and eastern Bangladesh has a white cheek surrounded by black. Males and females are similar in plumage but males have a 5% longer wing and tend to have a longer carpal spur. The length of the birds is 320-350mm, wing of 208-247mm with the nominate averaging 223mm, Sri Lanka 217mm. The Bill is 31-36mm and tarsus of 70-83mm. Tail length is 104-128mm.〔 It usually keeps in pairs or trios in well-watered open country, ploughed fields, grazing land, and margins and dry beds of tanks and puddles. They occasionally form large flocks, ranging from 26 to 200 birds. It is also found in forest clearings around rain-filled depressions. It runs about in short spurts and dips forward obliquely (with unflexed legs) to pick up food in a typical plover manner.〔 〕 They are said to feed at night being especially active around the full moon. Is uncannily and ceaselessly vigilant, day or night, and is the first to detect intrusions and raise an alarm, and was therefore considered a nuisance by hunters. Flight rather slow, with deliberate flaps, but capable of remarkable agility when defending nest or being hunted by a hawk.〔 Its striking appearance is supplemented by its noisy nature, with a loud and scolding ''did-he-do-it'' call, often uttered at night.〔 Leucistic abnormal plumage is rare. The local names are mainly onomatopoeic in origin and include ''titeeri'' (Hindi), ''tittibha'' (Kannada), ''tateehar'' (Sindhi), ''titodi'' (Gujarati), ''hatatut'' (Kashmiri), ''balighora'' (Assamese), ''yennappa chitawa'' (Telugu),〔 ''aal-kaati'' (Tamil, meaning "human indicator").〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red-wattled lapwing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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